Using Schema and Value Vocabularies to Structure Information Applications

Description:

In this talk Joseph Busch discusses application profiles as a framework for structuring information applications. The key argument is that application profiles are not usually treated as knowledge organization systems in themselves, but they contain two kinds of vocabularies that are central to knowledge organization: schema vocabularies and value vocabularies. He also connects this argument to current questions about generative AI reliability and transparency.

International standards for KOS supporting information retrieval – ISO 25964 Part 2: Thesauri and interoperability with other Vocabularies

Description:

This talk is a short report on ISO 25964 progress and outcomes focusing on Part 2: Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies. Part 2 of ISO 25964 is essentially a primer on how to map concepts to a thesaurus. This presentation was part of the panel “International standards for KOS supporting information retrieval and machine learning assessment”  at the 2026 International ISKO Conference on August 19 in São Paulo, Brazil.

Using Vocabularies to Provide Consistency Across Structured Content

Description:

Application profiles provide a framework for structuring information related to a particular application. These can include two types of vocabularies – schema and value vocabularies. Schema vocabularies such as SKOS, RDFS, Dublin Core, and Schema.org specify the properties and attributes related to the application, while value vocabularies (ranging from simple controlled vocabularies to taxonomies and ontologies) specify the valid instances for those properties and attributes. This talk provides an accessible overview of application profiles and makes the case for why this type of documentation is important in the context of artificial intelligence.

Date: April 15, 2026

Venue: Taxonomy Bootcamp London 2026

Location: London

Broad Topic: Taxonomy

Presenter: Joseph Busch, Principal Analyst, Taxonomy Strategies

Click here to watch the presentation, read the script, and download files.

Thesaurus Standards for Taxonomies

Description:

In this talk Heather Hedden and Joseph Busch discuss the similarities and differences of thesauri and taxonomies, provide an introduction to the standards used for thesauri and taxonomies, and talk about the relevance of thesaurus standards for taxonomies. Then they talk about the recent revisions to ISO 25964 Part 1 of the thesaurus standard, provide an overview of the Simple Knowledge Organization System known as SKOS, and explain how ISO 25964 Part 1 aligns and compares with SKOS.

Date: April 15, 2026

Venue: Taxonomy Bootcamp London 2026

Location: London

Broad Topic: Taxonomy

Presenters: Heather Hedden, Taxonomy Consultant Hedden Information Management and Joseph Busch, Principal Analyst, Taxonomy Strategies

Click here to watch the presentation, read the script, and download files.

Using Schema and Value Vocabularies to Provide Consistency Across Structured Content

Description:

Application profiles provide a framework for structuring information related to a particular application. These can include two types of vocabularies – schema and value vocabularies. Schema vocabularies specify the properties and attributes related to the application, while value vocabularies specify the valid instances for those properties and attributes. This panel discusses the interplay between schema vocabularies that structure content with value vocabularies that provide consistency across structured content, and particularly how automation can optimize the linked data ecosystem.

Date: October 23, 2025

Venue: University of Barcelona

Location:Barcelona

Broad Topic: Information Architecture

Moderator: Joseph Busch, Principal Analyst, Taxonomy Strategies

Presenters:

  • Heather Hedden
  • Lief Erickson
  • Noz Urbina
  • Peter Winstanley

Click here to watch presentations, read scripts, and download files.

Business Classification Semantics and Metadata to Support Risk and Compliance Use Cases

Description:
This paper discusses what a business classification scheme (BCS) is and how BCS semantics and metadata support risk and compliance use cases that are common to multilateral development organizations as well as other public and commercial organizations with public accountability. Best practices in the design of a BCS taxonomy with metadata inherited from each hierarchical level and methods for automating metadata population are briefly described. This paper was pre-recorded for presentation at DCMI 2025.

Date: October 25th, 2025

Venue: University of Barcelona

Location: Barcelona

Broad Topic: Metadata

Presenter: Joseph Busch, Principal Analyst, Taxonomy Strategies

 

Click here to watch the presentation, read the script, and download files.

Using Vocabularies to Provide Consistency Across Structured Content

Description:

This talk provides an accessible overview of how two vocabulary types – schema and value vocabularies – combine in application profiles in order to deliver consistency across structured content.

Date: November 18, 2025

Venue: Taxonomy Bootcamp 2025

Location: Washington, D.C.

Broad Topic: Taxonomy

Presenter: Joseph Busch, Principal Analyst, Taxonomy Strategies

Click here to watch the presentation, read the script, and download files.

The Struggle to Make Language Models a Human Powered Instrument: How Did We Get Here and What Can We Do About This?

Description:

This presentation traces the speaker’s journey with Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) from early vocabularies to their vital role in Generative AI.

Date: June 25, 2025

Venue: ISKO VIII Brazil International Society for Knowledge Information

Location: Canela, Brazil.

Broad Topic: Information Retrieval

Click here to watch the presentation, read the script, and download files.

Taxonomy Testing: How to Prove that It Will Work

Description:

This presentation discusses the importance of taxonomy testing to ensure its effectiveness before implementation, focusing on qualitative and quantitative methods, and emphasizing the need for a well-defined research plan to achieve testing goals. The presentation also covers various contextual analysis methods such as focus groups, card sorting, scenario testing, and content tagging to validate the taxonomy and gather evidence for stakeholder approval.

Date: May 2, 2025

Venue: Information Architecture Conference

Location: Philadelphia

 

Updating ISO 25964, the Standard for Thesauri and Interoperability (With Q&A)

Description:

There are more than 800 ISO standards related to terminology. ISO 25964 Part 1, which focuses on thesauri for information retrieval, is being reviewed and revised by a working group.

Venue: Taxonomy Boot Camp (TBC) | Date: November 18, 2024 | Broad Topic: Taxonomy

Using Taxonomy to Move from Paper to Knowledge Graph

Description:

This presentation will discuss a transit authority’s initiative to eliminate legacy paper records, to downsize their footprint, and relocate 3,000 office-based employees spread across 10 aging buildings. 

Venue: Taxonomy Boot Camp (TBC) | Date: November 18, 2024 | Broad Topic: Taxonomy | Watch Presentation (From TRB Conference)

African Development Bank SANKOFA Program

Description:

The African Development Bank (AfDB) is implementing SANKOFA, a new document and records management platform. To improve metadata accuracy and efficiency, SANKOFA integrates a business classification scheme that categorizes documents by function, activity, and type. This enables better document organization, retrieval, and information management, supporting the AfDB’s mission of sustainable development in Africa.

Presented by Joseph Busch at the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications on October 23, 2024 in Daegu, South Korea.

 

DCMI 2024 International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Application

Description:

DCMI 2024 showcased AI-driven metadata innovation, focusing on computational archives, AI in cultural heritage, automated metadata enrichment, and digitization for analysis. Highlights included DCTAP training, a “critical data science” institute, and an AI/knowledge organization workshop. The conference emphasized automated resource description and data analysis.

Venue: Toronto

 

Business Classification that Enables Disclosure, Protects Sensitivity and Integrates Knowledge into the Business Process

Description:

This presentation discussed the overall goals of the African Development Bank SANKOFA Program to transform the current business practices where documents have been created and stored mostly on personal computers, reviewed and approved using email and hard copies, and shared as email attachments.

Venue: DCMI | Date: October 20, 2024 | Broad Topic: Metadata

 

Taxonomy Assessment: Quantitative Analytics, Qualitative Best Practices and Heuristics

Description:

This talk describes how to do taxonomy assessment periodically and ongoing as an integral part of website instrumentation. How to flip analytics to get the category level analysis, how to construct a set of qualitative practices that can generate taxonomy metrics which identify categories to merge or split, and some specific scorecards against which your taxonomy can be evaluated. Presented by Joseph Busch, Taxonomy Strategies’ principal analyst at the Information Architecture Conference in Seattle on April 13, 2024.

Venue: Information Architecture Conference
Date: April 13, 2024
Broad Topic: Information Architecture

African Development Bank SANKOFA Program

Description:

This presentation discusses the metadata strategy of SANKOFA, the African Development Bank’s new document and records management platform for development project activities. The design and definition of metadata, and the strategies for automating its generation are briefly described. Best practices for file plan and metadata design, validation, implementation, and maintenance in a multilateral financial institution setting are discussed. The African Development Bank is a leader in documentation of development project activities and promotes best practices for the provision of disclosure and access to information.

Modeling a Business Classification Scheme for Sustainable Economic Development Projects

Description:

This presentation discusses a project to iteratively develop a business classification scheme (BCS) for managing documentation throughout the lifecycle of African Development Bank (AfDB) sustainable development projects. The BCS is built by working with key users to model the business processes that result in standard documents such as strategy papers, project briefs, impact assessments, and appraisal, progress and completion reports.

How To Supercharge Named Entities to Find and Use Relevant Digital Assets

Description:

[Slides] Joseph Busch, Taxonomy Strategies at MESA Lunch & Learn on May 5, 2022, 12:00-1:00 PM.

Why AI ≠ Automated Indexing: What Is and Is Not Possible

Description:

[Video] Organized and moderated by Joseph Busch with panelists Hans Brandhorst (Mnemosyne), Joaquim Moré López (Barcelona Supercomputing Center), Marjorie Hlava (Access Innovations), Maria-Cristina Marinescu (Barcelona Supercomputing Center), Mingfang Wu (Australian Research Data Commons), and Osma Suominen (National Library of Finland) held as Zoom webinar as part of DCMI Virtual on October 13, 2021.

2020 Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Consolidated Workshop

Description:

Organized by Joseph Busch (Taxonomy Strategies), Koraljka Golub (Linnaeus University), Margie Hlava (Access Innovations), Philipp Mayr (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences), Ziyoung Park (Hansung University), Jian Qin (Syracuse University), Douglas Tudhope (University of South Wales), and Marcia Zeng (Kent State University) held as Zoom webinars on September 9 and 10, 2020.

Developing a Health Policy Domain Model for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Description:

Joseph Busch, Taxonomy Strategies at NKOS Workshop at Dublin Core 2019, Seoul, South Korea on September 25, 2019.

2019 Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop

Description:

Organized by Joseph Busch (Taxonomy Strategies), Koraljka Golub (Linnaeus University), Margie Hlava (Access Innovations), Philipp Mayr (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences), Ziyoung Park (Hansung University), Jian Qin (Syracuse University), Douglas Tudhope (University of South Wales), and Marcia Zeng (Kent State University) at Dublin Core 2019 in Seoul, South Korea on September 25, 2019.

What’s SKOS, What’s not, Why and What Should be Done About It

Description:

[PDF] Joseph Busch, Taxonomy Strategies part of the panel “If You Build It, Will They Come?—A Discussion of Use Cases and Barriers of Using the Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) Available as Linked Open Data (LOD)” at the Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIST) Annual Meeting in St. Louis, MO on November 9, 2015.

Revisiting Historical Source Information

Description:

[PDF] Joseph Busch, Taxonomy Strategies at the Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIST) SIG/CR Classification Research Workshop in St. Louis, MO on November 7, 2015. Here’s a link to the original 1992 paper “Use of a Relational Database System to Model the Variability of Historical Source Information” [PDF] Joseph Busch. In: Cognitive Paradigms in Knowledge Organization: Second International ISKO Conference. Madras, 26-28 August 1992.

Evaluating Vocabularies [PPT with voice over]

Description:

Joseph Busch, Taxonomy Strategies pre-recorded presentation prepared as part of the panel “Maximizing the Usage of Value Vocabularies” at the Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIST) Annual Meeting in Montreal, Quebec on November 1-6, 2013.

Pecha Kucha: Taxonomies and Ontologies-Bridging the Gap

Description:

moderated by Joseph Busch, Founder and Principal, Taxonomy Strategies at Taxonomy Bootcamp 2012 in Washington, DC on October 17, 2012.

How and Where Taxonomies Appear in a Content Management System

Description:

Joseph Busch, PPC and Joe Hilger, Avalon on June 22, 2011. Part of: Cultivate Your Taxonomies and Content Management, an Avalon and PPC Webinar Series.

Business Taxonomy 2011: Design and Development Best Practices for Achieving Successful Knowledge Management in Your Organization

Description:

Joseph Busch and Zach Wahl, PPC, Technology Transfer Institute (TTI) workshop held on June 15-17, 2011 in Rome.

Metadata: Defining and Harnessing [PPT]

Description:

This presentation defines metadata as “data about data” and taxonomies as the “controlled vocabularies” used to organize it. It champions “faceted taxonomies” —using simple categories like “Cuisines” or “Brand”—as the key to powering website search and avoiding comically bad, complex hierarchies (like one that includes animals “belonging to the emperor”). The talk also covers the practical side, asking who decides on metadata, what it costs to create, if machines can help, and how to start.

Ron Daniel, Taxonomy Strategies at Taxonomy Boot Camp on November 20, 2009 in San Jose, California. Revised and recorded by Joseph Busch for the 20th anniversary of Taxonomy Boot Camp  November 17-18, 2025.

Click here to watch the presentation, read the script, and download files.

Taxonomy Validation [PDF]

Description:

Joseph Busch, Taxonomy Strategies at Gilbane San Francisco held on June 4, 2009 in San Francisco, California.

Teaching Taxonomy Methodology [PDF]

Description:

Class talk sponsored by the Knowledge Management Distance Learning program at California State University, Northridge (CSUN) on July 26, 2008.

Working Digital Assets

Description:

A symposium on managing, sharing, and preserving digital assets sponsored by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) held on September 24, 2007.

Taxonomia: Melhores Práticas e Tendências Emergentes

Description:

Organização: TerraForum, 6 de março 2007 Brasilia, 8 de março 2007, São Paulo, Brasil.

Creating a Governance Structure for the Ongoing Maintenance of the Taxonomy

Description:

at Content Week 2006, January 30, 2006 in Las Vegas.

Guidance Information for the Deployment of Dublin Core Metadata in Corporate Environments

Description:

at the Workshop on Content Management and Metadata, January 13, 2005 in Brussels, Belgium.

How to Structure Content for E-Government

Description:

Workshop by Joseph Busch and Ron Daniel, Taxonomy Strategies on taxonomy and metadata at the Digital Government Institute, April 19, 2004 in Washington, D.C.

The Secrets and Strategies for Creating Taxonomy & Metadata Models that Pay

Description:

Tutorial at the DAM NYC04 Henry Stewart Conference on March 31, 2004 in New York City.

Data-Content Architecture Best Practices for Metadata & Database Administration

Description:

Tutorial at the DAM NYC04 Henry Stewart Conference on March 31, 2004 in New York City.

Categorization and Taxonomy Strategies: How to Find and Re-use Existing Schemes

Description:

session at the Gilbane Conference on Content Management, March 26, 2004 in Los Angeles, CA.

Taxonomy & Metadata Strategies for Effective Content Management

Description:

Tutorial at the Gilbane Conference on Content Management, March 24 in Los Angeles.

4 Myths about Taxonomies & Dublin Core: Examples from the Field

Description:

presentation at the Fifth Annual ASIS&T Information Architecture Summit, Feb. 28 in Austin, TX.

Content Management for Information Architects Workshop

Description:

at the Fifth Annual ASIS&T Information Architecture Summit, Feb. 27 in Austin, TX.

Information Architecture for Enterprise Intranets

Description:

at KM World & Intranets, Oct. 15 in Santa Clara, CA.

Taking Advantage of Knowledge Reuse for Publishing

Description:

session of the Seybold-IDEAlliance XML in Publishing Conference, Sept. 12, 2003 in San Francisco.

Building an XML Publishing System

Description:

at the Seybold-IDEAlliance XML in Publishing Conference, Sept. 11, 2003 in San Francisco.

Categorization and Taxonomy Strategies for Migrating Content

Description:

at the Gilbane-Seybold Conference, Sept. 9, 2003 in San Francisco.